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Vaccinations, also known as immunizations or shots, are medical interventions that help the immune system recognize and fight against harmful pathogens like viruses or bacteria. Vaccines typically contain weakened or inactivated parts of the pathogen or a similar, harmless version.

The reluctance or refusal to accept vaccination despite the availability of vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy can be influenced by various factors, including misinformation and mistrust.

Substances used in the formulation of vaccines to induce an immune response. Vaccine ingredients can include antigens, adjuvants, and preservatives.

Temporary and mild reactions that may occur after vaccination, such as soreness at the injection site or mild flu-like symptoms. Serious side effects are rare, especially compared to other medical and pharmaceutical interventions, indicating that the benefits of vaccination in preventing diseases outweigh the risks of side effects.

A muscular tube that connects the uterus to the external genitalia (vulva). The vagina serves as a passage for menstrual flow, facilitates sperm reception during intercourse, and is the birth canal during childbirth.

The use of electronic cigarettes or other vaping devices that heat liquids to create an aerosol, which is then inhaled. Vaping poses health risks, including respiratory issues and nicotine addiction.

A duct that in the male reproductive system that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra, facilitating their release during ejaculation.

A vector is an organism that transmits infectious agents, such as parasites, bacteria, or viruses, from one host to another. Vectors can include mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and kissing bugs.

An illness transmitted to humans or animals through vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, or kissing bugs. Vectors carry pathogens like viruses, bacteria, or parasites that cause diseases. Preventing vector bites is the best way to prevent the spread of these diseases.

Plant-based foods rich in nutrients, fiber, water, and antioxidants. Vegetables are required for a balanced and nutritious diet and choosing to eat a variety of vegetables in meals promotes overall health.

Safe driving habits (e.g., observing traffic signs and signals) coupled with vehicle features (e.g., seatbelts, child safety locks, airbags) that prevent accidents and protect occupants in motor vehicles. Safe driving practices make it safer and easier for everyone to get where they are going.

Blood vessels responsible for returning oxygen-depleted blood from the body's tissues back to the heart. After delivering nutrients to cells, veins carry deoxygenated (without oxygen) blood back to the heart and lungs for oxygen replenishment before being pumped from the heart into the arteries.

A poisonous substance produced by certain animals, such as snakes, spiders, or insects. Venom is often injected into prey or enemies through bites or stings and its purpose is to immobilize, injure, or kill, aiding the predator's survival or defense.

Tiny, finger-like projections lining the inside of the small intestine. Villi increase the surface area to help absorb nutrients from food into the bloodstream. Each villus contains small blood vessels and lymph vessels that transport the absorbed nutrients to the rest of the body.

Intentional actions causing physical, psychological, or emotional harm to individuals or communities. Prevention efforts focus on addressing root causes, promoting conflict resolution, and implementing policies to create safer environments.

Actions that are characterized by the use of force or aggression to cause harm to oneself, others, or property. Addressing the root causes of violent behavior creates environments that support non-violent alternatives and conflict resolution strategies aimed at promoting safety and health.

Refers to a person who has not engaged in sexual intercourse. Notably, perceptions and definitions of virginity can vary across cultures and individuals. The concept is often associated with cultural and social norms related to sexual experience.

Microscopic infectious agents consisting of genetic material (DNA or RNA) encased in a protein coat and depend on host cells for replication.

Limitations in vision or complete blindness. Accessible environments and technologies that support inclusivity for individuals with visual impairment improves independence and dignity for those individuals.

Essential organic compounds required for various physiological functions in the body. Vitamins have roles in metabolism, immune function, and overall health and can be consumed in nutritionally dense foods.

Geological formations where magma, gases, and ash erupt from the Earth's crust. Eruptions can lead to the formation of lava flows, ash clouds, and volcanic cones. Monitoring volcanic activity can predict eruptions and minimize their impact on surrounding areas.

A democratic process where eligible individuals cast their ballots to express their preferences and choose representatives or decide on issues. Voting is a fundamental right and civic duty that contributes to shaping government policies and leadership.

The external genitalia of the female reproductive system, the vulva includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. It is separate from the vagina, which is the internal muscular tube connecting to the uterus.